Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A–Associated Hospitalization and Severe In-Hospital Outcomes Among Adults in the United States, 2024–2025
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The U.S. 2024-2025 influenza season was characterized by sustained elevated activity from November 2024-April 2025, with circulation of both influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), the latter of which included some antigenically drifted viruses. METHODS: From October 1, 2024, to April 30, 2025, a multistate respiratory virus surveillance network enrolled adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in 26 U.S. medical centers. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-associated hospitalization and severe in-hospital outcomes was estimated using a test-negative study. The odds of influenza vaccination among influenza-positive case patients and influenza-negative control patients were compared using multivariable logistic regression; VE was calculated as (1 - adjusted odds ratio for vaccination) × 100, expressed as a percent. RESULTS: The 2024-2025 seasonal influenza vaccine was effective against influenza-associated hospitalization (VE: 40% [95% confidence interval (CI): 32%-47%]), consistent across age group and influenza type/A subtype. Influenza vaccination also reduced the overall risk of all severe in-hospital outcomes evaluated, including standard oxygen therapy (VE: 41% [95% CI: 31%-50%]), non-invasive advanced respiratory support (VE: 38% [95% CI: 19%-52%]), invasive organ support (VE: 58% [95% CI: 44%-69%]), ICU admission (VE: 58% [95% CI: 47%-67%]), and death (VE: 52% [95% CI: 18%-71%]) with effectiveness varying by influenza A subtype and age. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination reduced the risk of influenza-related hospitalization and severe in-hospital outcomes in adults during the severe 2024-2025 influenza season compared with those not vaccinated.
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciag540
Authors: Nathaniel M Lewis, Seana Cleary, Elizabeth J Harker, Basmah Safdar, Adit A Ginde, Ithan D Peltan, Manjusha Gaglani, Cristie Columbus, Emily T Martin, Adam S Lauring, Jay S Steingrub, David N Hager, Amira Mohamed, Nicholas J Johnson, Akram Khan, Abhijit Duggal, Jennifer G Wilson, Nida Qadir, Laurence W Busse, Jennie H Kwon, Matthew C Exline, Ivana A Vaughn, Jarrod M Mosier, Estelle S Harris, Yuwei Zhu, Carlos G Grijalva, Natasha B Halasa, James Chappell, Diya Surie, Fatimah S Dawood, Sascha Ellington, Wesley H Self, for the Investigating Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network, Manjusha Gaglani, Shekhar Ghamande, Tresa McNeal, Nicole Calhoun, Jocelyn Cravens, Kempapura Murthy, Leah Odame-Bamfo, Spencer Rose, Michael Smith, Barbara Hairston, Amanda McKillop, Victoria Harkins Walston, Manjusha Gaglani, Cristie Columbus, Robert L Gottlieb, Catherine Raver, Sydney Buehrig, Priyanka Rana, Ashley Bychkowski, Symone Dunkley, Denisse Mariscal, Tammy Fisher, Daniela Gonzalez, Therissa Grefsrud, Mariana Hurutado-Rodriguez, Gabriela Perez, Sheila Gasparek, Jay Steingrub, Lesley De Souza, Scott Ouellette, Cynthia Kardos, Rae Lynn Defeo, Nathan I Shapiro, Michael Bolstad, Brianna Coviello, Robert Ciottone, Arnaldo Devilla, Ana Grafals, Conor Higgins, Carlo Ottanelli, Kimberly Redman, Douglas Scaffidi, Alexander Weingart, Diya Surie, Kevin C Ma, Alexander Webber, Katharine Yuengling, Fatimah S Dawood, Seana Cleary, Nathaniel M Lewis, Elizabeth Harker, Sascha Ellington, Abhijit Duggal, Omar Mehkri, Megan Mitchell, Zachary Griffith, Connery Brennan, Kiran Ashok, Bryan Poynter, Laurence Busse, William Bender, Caitlin ten Lohuis, Matthew Prekker, Laurynn Giles, Mary O'Rourke, Anne Frosch, Audrey Hendrickson, Julianna Prohofsky, Kowsar Hurreh, Joanna Kuo, Ivana A Vaughn, Erica Herc, Mayur Ramesh, Khaled Almawri, Jaskiran Bansal, Maria Santana-Garces, Rachna Jayaprakash, Sindhuja Koneru, Jean Ashley Lava, Zina Pinderi, Melissa Resk, Tanisha Shack, Shruti Tirumala, Katrina Williams, Ithan D Peltan, Samuel M Brown, Joslyn Bassett, Shandi Poulson, Vineela Thumma, David N Hager, Harith Ali, Michelle Gong, Amira Mohamed, Matthew Exline, Sarah Karow, Gabrielle Swoope, Madison So, Manisha Pathak, Rasha Alrifae, Connor Lang, Rushil Madan, Amanie Rasul, Maryiam Khan, Brooke Lee, Thomas Sturgess, Amer Charif, Ibrahim Abu Hammad, Connor Snyder, Reece Wilson, Zachery Lewald, Kristina Luikart, Jun Sung Park, Akram Khan, Aidan Flieger, Edvinas Pocius, Emily Tribbett, Genesis Briceno, Jose Pena, Jonathan Pak, Jennifer G Wilson, Grace Kyin-Ye Tam, Vanessa Pitre, Samantha Ferguson, Cynthia Perez, Alexandra June Gordon, Leonard Basobas, Lily Lau, Jarrod Mosier, Cameron Hypes, Karen Lutrick, Elizabeth Salvagio Campbell, Steven Y Chang, Nida Qadir, Cody Tran, Sukantha Chandrasekaran, Omai Garner, Adit A Ginde, Samantha Simon, Amanda Martinez, Amy Sullivan, Laura Aguilar-Marquez, Erika Alor, Yvette Evans, Jacob Rademacher, Nicholas Mohr, Anne Zepeski, Paul Nassar, Noble Briggs, Jacob Hampton, Cathy Fairfield, Chris Mallow, Carolina Rivas, Adam S Lauring, Emily T Martin, Emily E Bendall, Leigh K Papalambros, Weronika Damek Valvano, Anne Kaniclides, Aleda Leis, Rebecca Fong, Mildred Wallace, Chiraag Balsara, Rachel Truson, Regina Lehmann, Abigail Carolan, Izza Imran, Jozyan Ujmaya, William J Fitzsimmons, Estelle S Harris, Rylie McBride, Nicholas J Johnson, Joshua Acidera, Sarah Stucky, Kathyrn Thompson, Vasisht Srinivasan, Leenay Coughlin, Dylan Clark, Frances Nagore, Charlie Patnode, Wesley Self, Yuwei Zhu, Cassandra Johnson, Adrienne Baughman, James D Chappell, Natasha Halasa, Carlos G Grijalva, Paul W Blair, Jonathan D Casey, Karen F Miller, Jakea Johnson, Kelsey N Womack, Jillian Rhoads, Colleen Ratcliff, Sydney Cornelison, Ine Sohn, Cara Lwin, Julio Angulo, Stacy Batey, Shanice Cummings, Abby Fink, Claudia Guevara, Jennifer Luther, Rendie McHenry, Bryan Peterson, Neekar Rashid, Wanderson Rezende, Kalee Rumfelt, Laura Short, Kevin Gibbs, Hannah Strait, Jennie H Kwon, Bijal Parikh, David McDonald, Carleigh Samuels, Lucy Vogt, Caroline O'Neil, Alyssa Valencia, Francesca Yerbic, Olivia Arter, Kim Vu, Basmah Safdar, Anirudh Goyal, Arda Yigitkanli, Kimberly Manchester
Institutions: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Sault College, Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan, Yale University, University of Colorado Anschutz, Intermountain Medical Center, Baylor University, Temple College, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Temple, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M University, University of Michigan, Baystate Medical Center, Baystate Health, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, University of Washington, Oregon Health & Science University, Cleveland Clinic, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, University of California, Los Angeles, Emory University, Northwestern University, The Ohio State University, Henry Ford Health, University of Arizona, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7148587682
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