How does social health impact cognitive function and brain reserve? Findings from the SHARED Consortium
Year: 2026
Type: review
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Social health is increasingly recognised as an important factor influencing cognitive ageing and experiences of dementia. Yet definitions and measurements remain inconsistent, and evidence on how social health relates to cognitive outcomes remains limited. AIM AND METHODS: This narrative review presents the conceptual framework and synthesises the empirical findings from the Social Health and Reserve in the Dementia Patient Journey (SHARED) consortium, established to advance understanding of social health across the continuum from preclinical cognitive change to dementia, with a central aim to develop a comprehensive social health framework. SHARED combined conceptual framework development, global qualitative and quantitative studies, coordinated analyses across more than 40 cohorts (∼150,000 participants) and investigations of pathways underlying cognitive resilience. RESULTS: We refined the conceptualisation of social health by integrating individual capacities with features of the social environment. Qualitative interviews further identified novel and often unmeasured dimensions, informing refinement of the framework. Across multiple global cohorts, better social health was associated with higher cognitive performance, slower decline, and reduced risks of mild cognitive impairment and dementia, although associations varied across markers, domains, and contexts. Mechanistic analyses linked social health to markers of brain reserve, including total brain volume and white matter microstructure, and showed that depressive symptoms partially mediated social support-cognition associations. CONCLUSIONS: SHARED delivers a comprehensive, multidimensional framework for social health and provides strong multi-cohort evidence of its importance for cognitive ageing and dementia. Findings highlight the need for improved social health measurement and further work to disentangle its mechanisms and bidirectional links with cognitive ageing and dementia.
Source: Ageing Research Reviews
Institutions: UNSW Sydney, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University College London, University of Edinburgh, Wroclaw Medical University, MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Erasmus MC, The University of Sydney, Ewha Womans University, Radboud University Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, University of Bremen, University of Gothenburg
Language: English
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $5,520
Funders: Johns Hopkins University, Dementia Australia Research Foundation, Stiftelsen för Gamla Tjänarinnor, EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Alzheimer's Society, University of New South Wales, ZonMw, Radboud Universiteit, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Karolinska Institutet, Vetenskapsrådet, Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum, Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd, Universität Bremen, Alzheimerfonden, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Demensfonden, Medical Research Council, National Health and Medical Research Council, Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju, Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam, Center for Innovative Medicine
Awards: Social Health And Reserve in the Dementia patient journey (SHARED), G1634886922, G1949617698, SHARED - Soziale Gesundheit und kognitive Reserven im Verlauf demenzieller Beeinträchtigungen, G2536116422, G3250372977, Sex disparities in social health, resilience, and cognition across the life course: the interplay between biological and sociocultural aspects, G4372093891, G712881263, Unveiling the Role of Health Behaviors, Biological Processes, and Resilience Mechanisms in Transitions of Vascular Cognitive Impairment, G8234388176, Social Health And REserve in the Dementia patient journey (SHARED)
OpenAlex ID: W7148698766