Optimization of Mordant Concentrations for Enhanced Color Strength and Fastness in Sustainable Natural Dyeing
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This research aims to optimize the concentrations of mordants to enhance the strength and fastness of colors in eco-friendly dyeing of cotton textiles. Alum is a widely preferable metallic mordant for natural fibers especially plant based due to its capacity to produce sharp and deep hues while significantly improving washing and light fastness in natural dyeing. Myrobalan is an effective mordant and gives excellent dye-fiber bonding due to its high tannin content it performs dual function as both a mordant and a natural dye, imparting a delicate buttery yellow shade to textiles. Sequential mordanting of initially treating the fiber with myrobalan tannins followed by alum mordanting at optimized concentrations of 10% each on weight of fiber has demonstrated notable improvements in color fixation and durability. The tannin stage introduces additional phenolic hydroxyl groups that enhance the fiber’s affinity for metal mordants and natural dyes. This layered mordanting approach not only facilitates stronger chemical bonding but also contributes to increased colour fastness during laundering and exposure to light. The present study aims to analyze the fastness properties of cotton fabrics dyed with madder (Rubia tinctorum) and pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) extracts, utilizing sequential mordanting with myrobalan and alum. Both dye sources are rich in natural pigments and possess complementary chemical characteristics that interact beneficially with tannins and mordants. The investigation of synergistic mordant concentration effects and the assessment of colourfastness metrics including washing, light, and rub fastness will provide valuable insights for advancing green textile.
Authors: Kathiroli K, Pachiyappan K M, Nathiya M
Institution: PSG College of Arts & Science
Language: English
Subfield: Polymers and Plastics
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7148732893