Approach to Management of Grown-up Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Despite of advances in cardiac and surgical care, some children with complex congenital heart disease remain cyanotic in adulthood. The grown-up cyanotic congenital heart diseases are heterogeneous due to their underlying cardiac anatomy and physiology. Other than cardiovascular problems, they patients are also faced with multi-system complications in the long run. Therefore, these patients need nuanced and comprehensive assessment, regular follow-up monitoring, and multi-facet management. In this article, the types and classification of cyanotic congenital heart diseases, the multi-system complications and the approach to assessment and treatment will be presented.
Author: Pak-Cheong Chow
Institution: Hong Kong Children's Hospital
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7149298446
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