Work

Rooftop PV and eco-efficient zeolite bricks for residential energy sustainability in Iran: a LEAP–MCDA framework informed by policy makers’ perspectives

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: To achieve energy sustainability, Iran needs renewable energy expansion and improved demand-side energy efficiency. This study forecasts Iran’s residential electricity demand through 2044 and evaluates the combined impact of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems and eco-efficient natural zeolite bricks (NZB). Deep learning models trained on historical data (1991–2021) for GDP, population, and electricity consumption were used to project long-term demand. An energy-system framework then quantified grid losses, fuel use, and CO₂ emissions under alternative policy scenarios. To enhance real-world relevance, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) weights were informed by Iranian energy policymakers’ perspectives. Scenarios were ranked under two perspectives: feasibility–cost (national weighting) and emissions reduction (Paris-style weighting). Under the national weighting, combining NZB with 1% rooftop PV penetration achieved the highest score (0.756), reflecting an emphasis on practicality and cost-effectiveness. In contrast, the Paris-style weighting favored combining NZB with 3% rooftop PV penetration (0.84), indicating stronger prioritization of decarbonization. These results support a phased pathway that begins with achievable domestic actions and progressively advances toward more ambitious mitigation goals.

Source: Energy Conversion and Management X

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101824

Authors: Mohammadreza Azimizadeh, Mahan Ahmadi Rahmatabadi, Mohammad Kamalabadi Farahani, G.B. Gharehpetian

Institutions: Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran University of Science and Technology

Language: English

Topic: Integrated Energy Systems Optimization

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Climate action, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Sustainable cities and communities, Responsible consumption and production

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,170