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HIV causes global B cell dysregulation and restricts HBV-specific B cell development in an incident HBV cohort

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: BACKGROUNDFunctional B cell responses for both prevention and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remain poorly understood, including in the context of HBV/HIV coinfection.METHODSHere, we employed high-dimensional single-cell analysis to assess global and hepatitis B surface antigen-specific (HBsAg-specific) B cells in a longitudinal cohort of incident HBV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, with a subset of the cohort living with HIV-1.RESULTSWe observed that prior HIV infection has negative consequences for B cell function in early post-acute HBV infection, including increased frequencies of atypical memory B cells and regulatory B cells, expression of the activation marker CD86 on multiple B cell subsets in chronic HBV (CHB), and restricted expansion of HBsAg-specific B cells. In contrast, in HBV monoinfection, we observed no changes in the global B cell population from prior to infection and robust expansion of HBsAg-specific B cells. These expanded antigen-specific B cells resembled class-switched intermediate and resting memory B cells, with activation phenotypes that may contribute to ongoing HBV control.CONCLUSIONHIV infection has a significant impact on B cell responses to subsequent HBV infection that may promote development of CHB in HBV/HIV coinfection.FUNDINGVaccine Research Center, NIAID, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and NIH.
DOI: 10.1172/jci203138
Authors: Katherine E. Cascino, Thomas Liechti, Eric C. Seaberg, Kathleen Stevens, Steven M. Wolinsky, Mallory D. Witt, Robbie B. Mailliard, Mario Roederer, Justin R. Bailey, Chloe L. Thio, Andrea L. Cox
Institutions: Johns Hopkins University, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Research Center, Northwestern University, University of California, Los Angeles, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $5,200
Funders: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Gilead Sciences, Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance, National Institutes of Health, University of California, San Francisco, Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute on Aging, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Cancer Institute, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
Awards: G1034546755, G12089860, G1296759572, G1557182087, G1787625665, G183157880, G1849940085, G1913134163, G1972383081, G2008237588, G2127051194, G2334180555, G255204022, G2908277772, G30074556, G311558797, G3630727822, G3671922257, G3869857964, G4016133911, G4044828089, G4391827178, G4535678174, G456742281, G5078796989, G521591464, G5525419549, G5691055145, G5900455136, G6745172908, G6990385686, G717589936, G775892330, G7760075911, G7807729167, Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, G785655061, G9000016284, G9000030090, G9000030772, G9000031392, G9000039899, G9000041916, G9000080293, G9000082816, G9000099115, G9000102070, G9000108991, G9000146713, Hepatitis B and HIV Cure Consortium (BICC), UAB Center for AIDS Research (CFAR)
OpenAlex ID: W7151398392
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