Mathematical model of a thermoelectric converter based on the peltier effect
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: The work presents the synthesis of a detailed multiphysics visual-block model of a Peltier element, which comprehensively describes the thermodynamic, thermoelectric, and electrical processes occurring during its operation. Unlike simplified approaches, the model covers the full spectrum of physical phenomena, including heat losses, the mutual influence of temperature gradients on electrical parameters, and the effects related to thermal conductivity and the internal resistance of the material. The model was developed using a visual-block modeling method, which ensures clarity, ease of further modification, and the possibility of integration into more complex systems. The simulation made it possible to obtain both dynamic and steady-state characteristics of the Peltier element under various operating conditions, including variable thermal loads, changes in supply polarity, and nonstandard thermal regimes. A comparative analysis of the simulation results with experimental data demonstrates the high degree of adequacy of the proposed model. In particular, the deviation between the experimental and computed values of temperature and electrical parameters in dynamic modes does not exceed acceptable limits, which confirms the correctness of the applied mathematical dependencies and modeling approaches. The universal nature of the developed model allows it to be used for further research and design of thermoelectric energy sources, including optimization of the device structure, selection of operating modes, and evaluation of energy efficiency. The model can serve as a basis for creating digital twins of thermoelectric systems, opening opportunities for automated optimization of parameters in complex thermal and electrical environments. An important property of the model is its ability to accurately reproduce the dynamic characteristics of the Peltier element as part of an electrical circuit. This enables solving engineering problems related to the design of high-efficiency power supplies for thermoelectric modules, predicting their dynamic behavior in control systems, and optimizing algorithms for automatic temperature regulation. Thus, the developed model is a reliable tool for engineers and researchers working in the field of thermoelectrics and energy systems.
Institution: Zaporizhzhia National University
Language: English
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7151561351