Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: The material ejected from a binary neutron star merger produces a “kilonova,” a radioactively powered emission at ultraviolet, optical, and infrared wavelengths. The early-phase spectra of the kilonova AT2017gfo, following the gravitational wave event GW170817, exhibit a strong absorption feature around 1 μ m. Helium (He) and strontium (Sr) have been proposed as the candidate elements contributing to this feature. However, due to the lack of consistent modeling including these two elements simultaneously, the exact contributions of each element to this feature remain unclear. In this study, we develop nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium ionization models for He and Sr that take into account ionization by high-energy electrons, and estimate the abundances of each element required to reproduce the observed feature in the early-phase spectra of AT2017gfo. Our modeling indicates that about 1% of He or 1%–10% of Sr (in mass fraction) are present in the ejecta moving at v ∼ 0.15 c . This Sr mass fraction nicely agrees with the mass fraction in the solar r -process pattern. Based on comparison with nucleosynthesis calculations, our constraints suggest that r -process nucleosynthesis in GW170817 occurs at relatively low electron fraction ( Y e ≲ 0.35) and low entropy ( s ≲ 30 k B /nucleon) conditions. Generally, for Y e ≲ 0.15, the observed feature can be reproduced by He at the mass fraction expected from the α -decay of trans-Pb nuclei, and may therefore serve as an indirect signature for the production of elements beyond the third r -process peak in binary neutron star mergers.
Source: The Astrophysical Journal
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,499
Awards: G1657299480, G4312868005, G4373087778, Elucidating Nucleosynthesis of Neutron Star Mergers using a Telescope at the World Highest Observatory, 原子物理と宇宙物理の連携で迫る多様な中性子星合体の元素合成, Study of r-process nucleosynthesis of gravitational wave sources by means of high sensitivity wide-band near infrared spectroscopy
OpenAlex ID: W7152036351