Investigation of root canal morphology of mandibular anterior permanent teeth with two different classifications in the population of Turkey: A cone-beam computed tomography study
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Aim: Understanding root canal morphology is essential for successful endodontic treatment, as untreated canals are a major cause of failure. Traditional systems, such as Vertucci’s, are limited in describing complex configurations. The recently proposed Ahmed classification offers a more comprehensive approach. This study aimed to evaluate the root canal morphology of mandibular anterior teeth in a Turkish population using both systems. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 5394 mandibular anterior teeth from 899 cone-beam computed tomography scans (patients aged 14–70 years) was performed. Root canal morphology was classified according to Vertucci (1984) and Ahmed et al . (2017). Coronal, sagittal, and axial images were assessed in 1-mm slices by an experienced endodontist and a calibrated observer. Inter-examiner agreement was calculated using Cohen’s kappa. Data were analyzed with Pearson’s Chi-square and Bonferroni-corrected Z tests ( P < 0.05). Results: All mandibular central and lateral incisors were single-rooted, whereas 12 canines had two roots. Vertucci Type I was most prevalent, followed by Type III. According to Ahmed’s system, two variations unclassifiable by Vertucci ( 1 TN 1-2-3-2 and 1 TN 1-2-1-2-1 ) were identified. Root canal variations were significantly more frequent in females for central incisors and canines and in males for lateral incisors ( P < 0.05). Variations peaked in the 21–30-year age group. Conclusion: Mandibular anterior teeth in the Turkish population predominantly exhibit Vertucci Type I and III configurations. Gender and age significantly influenced canal complexity. Ahmed’s classification provided a more accurate description of complex and multirooted morphologies, demonstrating clinical superiority over the traditional Vertucci system.
Source: Endodontology
Institutions: Dicle University, Bingöl University
Language: English
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7154019996