The clinical and epidemiological landscape of Mycobacterium riyadhense: a systematic review of the literature
Year: 2026
Type: review
Study design: Systematic Review
Abstract: Background Mycobacterium riyadhense is an emerging nontuberculous mycobacterium associated with infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Methods To identify the epidemiology, risk factors, presentations, and antimicrobial susceptibility of M. riyadhense , we conducted a systematic review on PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar adhering to PRISMA guidelines. We included publications during 2009-2025, with no limitation on language or study design. Cases of uncertain infection or identification were excluded. Review protocol was pre-registere in PROSPERO with protocol number; CRD420250653025. Results We identified 22 studies reporting on 69 cases of M. riyadhense . Patient median age was 35.5 and 80% were male. Common presentations included pneumonia (n=52), lymphadenitis (n=13), osteomyelitis (n=8), or disseminated infection (n=8). Susceptibility to Rifampin and Ethambutol was observed in all tested isolates. Resistance to Isoniazid was detected in 5/8 isolates. Conclusion This review identified a significant variability in the diagnosis and treatment of M. riyadhense . This underscores the urgent need for standardized diagnostic protocols and targeted treatment strategies to effectively manage infections. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ , identifier CRD420250653025.
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,801
OpenAlex ID: W7154079531