Work

Integrated RSM and machine learning-based green fabrication of a trimetallic Fe₃O₄/ZnO/CuO nanocomposite with antimicrobial activity

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: A green and sustainable approach was employed to synthesize a trimetallic Fe₃O₄/ZnO/CuO nanocomposite using pumpkin peel extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. Phytochemicals in the extract facilitated metal ion reduction and nanoparticle stabilization. The composite was characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, FESEM–EDX, and TEM–SAED and XPS analyses. UV–Vis absorption at 229 and 277 nm and a band gap of 2.85 eV indicated photoactive behavior near visible region. FTIR confirmed metal–oxygen linkages and organic residues, while XRD and SAED verified nanocrystallinity. FESEM and TEM revealed cubic assemblies (150–250nm) composed of 2–5nm spherical particles. Optimal synthesis conditions determined by Response Surface Methodology showed strong model validity (R² = 0.952), supported by machine learning (ML) optimization studies. EDX confirmed Fe, Zn, Cu, and O presence. The nanocomposite exhibited concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity, showing notable antifungal efficacy against A. niger, suggesting potential for environmental and selected biomedical applications pending further safety evaluation.

Source: Journal of Taibah University for Science

DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2026.2658343

Authors: Azhar U. Khan, Virendra Kumar Yadav, Naved Azum, Mahboob Alam

Institutions: Jaipur National University, Marwadi University, King Abdulaziz University, Dongguk University WISE

Language: English

Topic: Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications

Subfield: Materials Chemistry

Field: Materials Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Responsible consumption and production

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $944