Work

Digital Transformation, Employment, and Productivity in GCC Countries

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This study examines the impacts of digital transformation on employment and labor productivity in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 2000 to 2022 using a composite Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and a panel ARDL model. The results reveal a productivity paradox: digitalization is negatively related to labor productivity, despite significant investments in ICT and widespread digital adoption. In contrast, overall employment increases, driven by growth in the industrial sector, while employment in the agriculture and service sectors is found to decline. These findings highlight the mixed effects of digitalization—creating jobs without corresponding productivity gains—and emphasize the need for policies that improve skills, encourage organizational innovation, and support sectoral adaptation to fully harness digital technologies for sustainable economic growth.

Source: Sustainability

DOI: 10.3390/su18083863

Authors: Moez Ben Tahar, Sarra Ben Slimane

Institutions: Dar Al Uloom University, University of Sousse, University of Tabuk

Language: English

Topic: Digital Economy and Transformation

Subfield: Strategy and Management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Decent work and economic growth, Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,896