Lieb-Mattis States for Robust Entangled Differential Phase Sensing

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: We explore a two-node, entanglement-enhanced sensor network for differential phase sensing that exploits decoherence-free subspaces to suppress common-mode noise, a primary limitation of many state-of-the-art quantum sensors. We identify a class of entangled states that, while not strictly optimal, achieve the same asymptotic sensitivity scaling as optimal states and can be prepared efficiently from initially unentangled atomic ensembles. Importantly, the preparation time decreases with increasing system size, which makes the states compatible with realistic noise processes in present-day quantum sensors that operate with large particle numbers but lack full error correction. We illustrate these ideas using two cavity-mediated preparation protocols: (i) coherent, unitary entanglement generation analogous to bosonic two-mode squeezing, yielding Heisenberg scaling, and (ii) dissipative preparation through collective emission into a shared cavity mode, providing a square-root improvement beyond the standard quantum limit. Numerical simulations show that both approaches remain effective at experimentally realistic cavity cooperativities, establishing a practical path toward scalable, quantum-enhanced differential phase sensing.

Source: Physical Review X

DOI: 10.1103/ksyh-mb4s

Authors: Raphael Kaubruegger, Diego Fallas Padilla, Athreya Shankar, Christoph Hotter, Sean R. Muleady, Jacob Bringewatt, Youcef Baamara, Erfan Abbasgholinejad, Alexey V. Gorshkov, Klaus Mølmer, James K. Thompson, Ana Maria Rey

Institutions: Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, University of Copenhagen, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Joint Quantum Institute, Harvard University

Language: English

Topic: Quantum Information and Cryptography

Subfield: Artificial Intelligence

Field: Computer Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $4,200

Funders: National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Arthritis National Research Foundation, Heising-Simons Foundation, National Research Foundation, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, Carlsbergfondet, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina - Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Office of Science, Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative, Science and Engineering Research Board, JILA, University of Colorado, Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Army Research Laboratory

OpenAlex ID: W7154565108