Work

Risk factors associated with small expressive vocabularies in Portuguese speaking toddlers

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This study investigates the individual and contextual factors associated with small expressive vocabularies in Portuguese-speaking toddlers. Data were drawn from the validation study of the European Portuguese MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Sentences, which included 1,042 children between the ages of 24 and 30 months. Boys were nearly three times more likely to have a small expressive vocabulary than girls. Later entry into childcare and lower maternal education were also significant predictors. In contrast, birth order had no significant effect. The probability of having a small expressive vocabulary increased with the number of co-occurring risk factors, thus, underscoring the multifactorial and ecological nature of early language development.

Source: Hrvatska revija za rehabilitacijska istraživanja

DOI: 10.31299/hrri.62.si.10

Authors: Irene Cadime, Ana Lúcia Santos, Fernanda Leopoldina Viana

Institutions: University of Minho, University of Lisbon

Language: English

Topic: Language Development and Disorders

Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology

Field: Psychology

Domain: Social Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: diamond

OpenAlex ID: W7154568898

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