Intersection Graphs of Monoids in a Graphical Homotopy Framework via Path Spaces and Homogeneous Structures: Some Applications to Graphical Comprehensive Monoids
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: In this work, we construct a homotopy theory for a class of intersection graphs arising from topological monoids. We introduce the M-intersection graph of a τe-monoid, where the vertices correspond to proper τe-submonoids and adjacency is defined by trivial intersection. Several structural properties of the graph, including total disconnectedness, bipartiteness and planarity, are investigated and shown to be closely related to the algebraic structure and decomposition of finite τe-monoids. Based on this framework, we develop a graphical homotopy theory by introducing graphical τe-monoids, graphical homomorphisms, and graphical homotopies. We study graphical homotopy equivalence, graphical contractibility, and path monoids, and examine retraction properties through graphical retracts, D-graphical retracts and graphical homotopy extension properties. Furthermore, we present an example of graphical comprehensive monoids and construct a θ-homogeneous topology on the set of graphical path homotopy classes. We show that this topology is compatible with the induced monoid operation, yielding a well-behaved functorial topological monoid structure.
Source: Mathematics
DOI: 10.3390/math14081345
Institutions: University of Ha'il, Taiz University
Language: English
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,137
OpenAlex ID: W7154569583