Work

Redefining Pain and Addiction: How Opioid Manufacturers Changed Medical Language to Foster Opioid Use

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The role of pharmaceutical companies in promoting overuse of opioids by influencing medical discourse is underexamined. Marketing messages have been seeded in journal articles, continuing medical education (CME), prescribing guidelines, educational activities, and professional society recommendations. Terms generated or redefined by industry created a framework for promoting opioids. This paper focuses on the terms "opiophobia," "pseudoaddiction," "breakthrough pain" and "pain is the 5th vital sign." The reframing of incipient opioid use disorder as "tolerance" and "dependence" is also discussed. The proliferation of these industry-supported terms within medical discourse created a false evidence base that opioids were safe and effective for chronic pain and that withholding opioids deprived patients of the best care.

Source: The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics

DOI: 10.1017/jme.2026.10258

Authors: Aidan Kaspari, Judy Butler, Adriane Fugh-Berman

Institution: Georgetown University Medical Center

Language: English

Topic: Opioid Use Disorder Treatment

Subfield: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $3,550