Elucidating the carbon and nitrogen pools with retention conservative residues and fertility gradients on the legume–maize system
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: In light of the global climate scenario, this study addresses soil health, with emphasis on stabilizing carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, highlighting the role of legumes as a cornerstone of cropping systems under conservation agriculture. The study evaluated the effects of N gradients and legume biomass incorporation on soil C and N pools in maize ( Zea mays L.), variety DHM-121. The experiment was conducted for 2 years, that is, 2021–22 and 2022–23, in a semi-arid agroecosystem with varying N rates (100, 125, and 150% rate of N) in rabi maize, combined with the incorporation of legume biomass, that is, greengram ( Vigna radiata L.) at 10 t ha −1 . Integrating 150% of N ha −1 with legume biomass significantly increased soil organic C by 25% compared to 100% N, demonstrating potential for C-sequestration under NT. Soil microbial biomass N (SMBN) increased by 30%, and total soil N by 15%, underscoring the synergy between N gradients and legume biomass in enhancing soil fertility. Maize yield was highest in the combined treatment (150% of N ha −1 + greengram biomass), averaging 6.8 t ha −1 , 18% higher than the control. Using 100% N on groundnut crops boosted soil penetration by 25% and aggregate stability by 20%, showing how biomass incorporation can strengthen soil structure for better maize growth. However, the combination of legume biomass X N levels and humus fraction was found to be non-significant. The research shows a novel combination that can be a game changer by integrating 150% N with greengram biomass, which markedly improved soil C, total N, and MBN, demonstrating enhanced soil fertility under no-till maize. The combined treatment also maximized maize yield, highlighting the synergistic effect of N gradients and legume residues. Additionally, legume biomass improved soil structure, indicating its role in sustaining productivity and soil health in semi-arid agroecosystems. The implications are deep for climate-smart agriculture that will deliver for future needs.
Language: English
Subfield: Soil Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,353
OpenAlex ID: W7154615934