Work

A novel method for establishing a rat model of knee osteoarthritis: knee joint fixation using medical polyurethane composite wraps

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a leading cause of chronic pain and disability in humans, companion and farm animals, with socioeconomic burden and animal welfare concerns. KOA models are essential for advancing diagnostics, therapies, and preventive strategies. This study aimed to establish a reliable non-invasive rat KOA model and evaluate its translational value for comparative and clinical medicine. Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to two groups: a model group ( n = 10) and a control group ( n = 10). KOA was induced in the model group by immobilizing the knee joint through circular fixation using a medical polyurethane composite bandage. Following the modeling phase, knee cartilage was macroscopically evaluated. Functional impairment was assessed using the Modified Lequesne MG scale. Imaging analyses comprised 7.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) to examine structural and morphological alterations in the knee joint. The histological assessment included Safranin O–Fast Green staining to assess cartilage degradation using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring system. Chondrocyte apoptosis was identified through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Results The examination of the knee joint cartilage in the model group revealed significant surface irregularities and roughness. Compared to the control group, the model group exhibited a notably higher Modified Lequesne MG score ( P < 0.01), indicating compromised joint function. Imaging techniques such as high-field MRI and micro-CT confirmed typical osteoarthritic characteristics. Safranin O–Fast Green staining showed a substantial reduction in proteoglycans in the superficial cartilage layer of the model group, along with a significantly increased OARSI score ( P < 0.01). TUNEL staining indicated a marked rise in chondrocyte apoptosis in the model group, with an approximately 4.8-fold higher rate compared to the control group ( P < 0.01). The model induction success rate exceeded 95%, with a complication rate below 5%. Conclusion We developed a non-invasive rat KOA model using polyurethane bandage immobilization that recapitulates cross-species progressive OA pathology. This robust, low-cost platform enables early biomarker screening, disease-modifying therapy evaluation, and preventive intervention validation for veterinary/human OA, highlighting its translational value for comparative and clinical medicine.

Source: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1725539