Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Two criteria for the spectra of relativistic waves are proposed. Zero-point radiation provides the identity representation of the conformal group in Minkowski spacetime. Thermal radiation provides the irreducible representation of the conformal group in Minkowski spacetime which involves exactly one scaling parameter (the temperature) which is also time-stationary in a Rindler frame. Zero-point radiation is the limit of thermal radiation as the temperature goes to zero. Crucially, both zero-point radiation and thermal radiation take basically the same functional form in a Rindler frame. For relativistic scalar waves, a full derivation of the Planck spectrum including zero-point radiation is obtained within the classical theory.
Author: Timothy H Boyer
Institutions: City College of New York, City University of New York
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,880
OpenAlex ID: W7154713277
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