Opportunistic Screening on Chest CT, From the AJR Special Series on Screening
Year: 2025
Type: review
Abstract: The increase in chest CT volumes affords radiologists the opportunity to systematically assess imaging biomarkers, including coronary and thoracic arterial calcification, emphysema, airway dysanapsis, adipose tissue in various compartments, skeletal muscle (in terms of both quantity and quality), and vertebral body bone attenuation (as a measure of bone mineral density), extending from the T1 through T12 vertebral body levels. These biomarkers represent a spectrum of disease-induced changes or increases in the risk of developing disease. This Special Series Review provides an overview of these established and emerging imaging biomarkers on chest CT scans, aiming to serve as a reference for practicing radiologists. We discuss the importance of imaging biomarkers for patient care; highlight recent developments; present approaches for interpretation and integration into clinical workflows, with attention given to the role of reference values; consider challenges in serial assessment resulting from variations in technical parameters; describe the incorporation of the biomarkers into societal guidelines; and summarize FDA-approved artificial intelligence tools to aid evaluation.
DOI: 10.2214/ajr.25.33069
Institutions: Massachusetts General Hospital, Saarland University, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Kaiser Permanente, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Language: English
Subfield: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: Top Sector Agri and Food, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Safety Program for Telemedicine, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Simons Foundation, Breast Cancer Research Foundation, Wake Forest University, Dagmar Marshalls Fond, Lyda Hill Foundation, Arvid Nilssons Fond, Institut for Klinisk Medicin, Aarhus Universitet, Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Health Commission of Heilongjiang Province, Leverhulme Trust, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Petre Foundation, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Cancerfonden, Aase og Ejnar Danielsens Fond, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, National Research Foundation of Korea, Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes, Vetenskapsrådet, China Scholarship Council, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Taif University, Eva og Henry Frænkels Mindefond, Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, Torben og Alice Frimodts Fond, Harboefonden, Kong Christian den Tiendes Fond, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Novo Nordisk Fonden, Hartmann Fonden, Fabrikant Einar Willumsens Mindelegat, Institute for Basic Science, National Science and Technology Major Project, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, National Institutes of Health, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme, Alliance for a Healthier World, Johns Hopkins University, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, National Health and Medical Research Council, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Fonden til Lægevidenskabens Fremme, Fakulta Lesnická a Drevarská, Česká Zemědělská Univerzita v Praze, Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration, Special Project for Research and Development in Key areas of Guangdong Province, Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province, Advanced Manufacturing Office, Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH Office of the Director, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Division of Emerging Frontiers, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, H2020 European Research Council, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province
OpenAlex ID: W4412487144