Context-Responsive Building Footprint Generation via Conditional Inpainting Using Latent Diffusion Models
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Generative AI has advanced rapidly in architectural design; however, existing building footprint generation models tend to emphasize stylistic exploration while insufficiently integrating site context as a fundamental physical constraint that facilitates alignment with the surrounding urban fabric. To address this limitation, this study proposes a context-responsive methodology for generating building footprints using a multi-layered four-channel representation of site conditions—including roads, sidewalks, adjacent buildings, and site boundaries—within a Latent Diffusion Model framework. The proposed approach encodes these physical conditions into a structured tensor and concatenates them directly to the U-Net input, enabling site context to function as an explicit spatial control variable during generation. An ablation study evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed contextual configuration. Compared with a single-channel model, the four-channel model achieved an 18.08% reduction in average pixel-wise information entropy, indicating a measurable decrease in generative uncertainty. Qualitative analyses further demonstrated that the enriched contextual input promotes geometrically coherent footprint configurations, such as context-responsive setbacks and spatial alignment with surrounding built forms. These findings suggest that structured multi-channel site information enhances contextual grounding in generative design processes and may contribute to more environmentally integrated and spatially coherent architectural outcomes.
Source: Sustainability
DOI: 10.3390/su18083987
Authors: Eunseok Jang, Kyunghwan Kim
Institution: Konkuk University
Language: English
Subfield: Architecture
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,896
Funder: Konkuk University
OpenAlex ID: W7154747744