Work

Leadership Readiness as Multidimensional Concept: Exploring Distinct Logics of System-Level Change Toward PBL Through Q Methodology

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Sustainable pedagogical reform requires more than teacher preparedness; it depends on how school leaders interpret and coordinate the conditions that enable change. This focus is particularly critical in contexts where Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is introduced within predominantly traditional, exam-oriented pedagogical environments, requiring careful consideration of leadership’s perception of system-level readiness to support such shifts. This study investigates how Chinese K–12 school leaders conceptualize readiness for institution-wide implementation of PBL. Using Q methodology with 42 school leaders, four distinct leadership logics were identified: leadership-mediated cultural readiness through recognition, belief-driven pedagogical practice, externally anchored system-level readiness, and experientially grounded cultural readiness. These viewpoints reveal different ways leaders prioritize cultural alignment, belief formation, structural coordination, and experiential learning when organizing reform conditions. Despite these differences, participants showed several areas of shared positioning, particularly around coordination, expertise-based responsibility distribution, evaluation alignment, and adaptive responses to reform conditions. The findings extend change readiness research beyond teacher-focused perspectives by demonstrating how leaders interpret readiness as a multidimensional and system-level phenomenon. By illuminating distinct leadership logics for coordinating reform within centralized governance contexts, this study highlights the importance of aligning beliefs, professional relationships, institutional structures, and student learning improvement goals to support sustainable pedagogical transformation.

Source: Systems

DOI: 10.3390/systems14040448

Authors: Xiangyun Du, Zhiying Nian, Juebei Chen, Aida Guerra

Institutions: Aalborg Centre for Problem Based Learning in Engineering Science and Sustainability, Aalborg University, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai

Language: English

Topic: Teacher Education and Leadership Studies

Subfield: Education

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDG: Quality education

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,896