Work

Multi-Indicator Assessment of Hydrological Change Across Europe Using Satellite Observations

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Understanding drought and water availability requires integrating multiple components of the hydrological cycle. Satellite observations enable consistent monitoring of water storage, groundwater variability, and water budget components at continental scales. This study synthesises results from several satellite-based analyses to examine hydrological signals across Europe within the Köppen–Geiger climate zones. Indicators were analysed jointly, including the Combined Climatologic Deviation Index (CCDI), Water Budget (WB), Water Storage Deficit Index (WSDI), and Groundwater Drought Index (GDI). The comparison of these indices reveals consistent spatial and temporal patterns of water deficit across Europe, with the strongest drying signals observed in temperate and Mediterranean regions. In contrast, northern climatic zones show higher retention capacity. The integrated approach highlights relationships among groundwater variability, water storage anomalies, climate anomalies, and water budget dynamics, providing a broader perspective on hydrological responses to climate variability. The results demonstrate the value of multi-indicator satellite analysis for large-scale drought monitoring and water resource assessment.

Source: Water

DOI: 10.3390/w18080986

Author: Monika Birylo

Institution: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

Language: English

Topic: Hydrology and Drought Analysis

Subfield: Global and Planetary Change

Field: Environmental Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Climate action, Clean water and sanitation

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137