A platform for investigating prompt framing as interface parameters in foundation models for robotics
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Foundation models, in particular large language models (LLMs), are finding increasing popularity when used in describing goals for robotic control, decision making, and execution. Recently, proposals for hybrid paradigms leveraging strengths of reinforcement learning (RL) agents in tandem with LLMs for robotic control have been demonstrated. The interface between the RL agents and the language model however offers a unique opportunity to explore how prompt framing may affect such hybrid systems. This work presents a controlled experimental platform to measure and better understand how manipulation of the interface between RL agents and an LLM impacts behaviour of a hybrid advisor-arbiter architecture. We compared three agents under matched evaluation protocols and initializations in a simulated navigation environment: (i) RL-only tabular Q-learning; (ii) LLM-only (stateless) action selection; and (iii) a hybrid LLM + RL agent. Under a constrained interaction budget (10 episodes per world), the hybrid LLM + RL agent achieves higher mean success and higher mean cumulative reward than both RL-only and LLM-only baselines. Advisor-channel ablations (random recommendations and null recommendations) reduce performance, indicating that structured advice contributes beyond adding extra text. We further demonstrate prompt framing as a controlled factor by evaluating navigation-role personas, narrative personas, and relational variants of a caregiver prompt under matched conditions, yielding heterogeneous effects across framings. The contribution of this work is to provide a structured testbed and evaluation approach for investigating the impact of prompt framing on multi-step decision making and control tasks.
Source: Frontiers in Robotics and AI
Authors: Anup Tuladhar, Eli Kinney-Lang
Institution: University of Calgary
Language: English
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,353
OpenAlex ID: W7155191660