Work

Youth Labour Market Participation in Africa: A Cross-National Analysis of Employment, Unemployment, Sectoral Distribution, and Educational Attainment Among the 15–35 Age Cohort, 2026

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Background Africa hosts the world’s largest youth cohort, yet its labour markets remain characterised by structural imbalances, agricultural dependence, gender inequalities, and educational credential mismatches. This study provides a comprehensive, cross-national analysis of youth labour market participation across all 53 African Union member states in 2026, disaggregated by sex, age group, economic sector, and educational attainment. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive-correlational analysis was conducted using International Labour Organisation ( ILO ) harmonised modelled estimates for the 15–35 age cohort. Youth unemployment rates ( YUR ), labour force participation rates ( LFPR ), and notinemployment,educationortraining ( NEET ) rates were computed by country, sub-region, sex, age group, and education level. Pearson’s correlation coefficient tested the association between YUR and NEET rate at country level. Results Of 545.1 million African youth aged 15–35, 311.5 million (57.1%) were employed, 23.1 million (4.2%) unemployed, 81.7 million (15.0%) inactive, and 128.8 million (23.6%) in education. The continental YUR was 6.91%; North Africa recorded 11.09% versus 6.40% in sub-Saharan Africa. Country-level YUR ranged from 0.4% (Niger) to 37.4% (Eswatini). The NEET rate reached 19.23% (104.8 million youth). Agriculture dominated employment (45.9%). Female YUR (7.56%) exceeded male YUR (6.40%). Upper secondary and tertiary graduates accounted for 52.7% of unemployment. A strong positive correlation existed between YUR and NEET rate ( r = 0.720, p = < 0.001). Conclusions African youth labour markets exhibit pronounced heterogeneity, structural informality, and credential–employment mismatches. Targeted policies addressing structural transformation, skills alignment, gender equity, and social protection are urgently required.

Source: F1000Research

DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.179407.1

Authors: Said Maizzou, Abdelhak Anajar, Mohamed Rahmo

Institution: Université Hassan 1er

Language: English

Topic: Education and Labor Relations

Subfield: Political Science and International Relations

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Decent work and economic growth, Reduced inequalities, Gender equality

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,350