Work

The innovative blend of HVO and biodiesel with diesel for higher generator efficiency, reduction in pollutants and investigation of persistent free radicals emissions

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This study evaluates engine performance and emission characteristics of diesel/biodiesel/HVO blends (biodiesel: 0–30% vol., HVO: 10% vol.). Results demonstrate significant reductions: PM 2.5 (12.5–43.9%), CO (8.01–24.5%), SO₂ (7.69–25.9%), and NOx (3.33% reduction via HVO addition). Metal emissions (Na/Fe/Ca/Al > 80% of total detected metals) decreased by 24.3–26.8%, while brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) improved by 2.21%. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy revealed consistent PM 2.5 microstructural properties across blends (g-factor: 2.0033–2.0035), though radical concentrations (3.0 × 10 18 -7.4 × 10 18 spins/g) exceeded ambient levels by 10-fold. Raman analysis confirmed invariant carbon nanostructures (D/G band ratio: 0.910–0.943), indicating fuel composition primarily modulates emission quantity rather than particulate quality. These findings establish HVO-biodiesel blends as effective fossil diesel alternatives, warranting further research on environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs).

Source: Sustainable Environment Research

DOI: 10.1186/s42834-026-00279-z

Authors: Pei-Cheng Cheng, Guor-Cheng Fang, Shang-Cyuan Chen, Feng-Chih Chou, Tzu-Yu Chen, Yuan-Chung Lin

Institutions: National Sun Yat-sen University, Hungkuang University, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung Medical University

Language: English

Topic: Biodiesel Production and Applications

Subfield: Biomedical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Climate action, Responsible consumption and production

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,990