Safety Evaluation of Articaine and Lignocaine as Local Anesthetic Agents in Pediatric Dental Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Year: 2026
Type: review
Abstract: of LAs to prevent the expression of further VGSCs in the heart or central nervous system (CNS) is thought to be responsible for many side effects.5 The six main categories of potential adverse events associated with LAs are systemic symptoms; peripheral nerve paresthesia; cardiovascular responses; methemoglobinemia; allergic reactions to the anesthetic and/ or latex; and anesthetic-related reactions involving a sulfite antioxidant.5 The most essential considerations of any LA agent are safety and efficacy.6 IntroductIonOne of the key elements of managing a child's behavior in a dental office is ensuring that the child is not in pain throughout the dental procedures.A sufficient amount of local anesthetic (LA) alleviates pain during dental procedures, creating a favorable and efficient treatment.1 Lignocaine is an amide type of LA that undergoes biotransformation in the liver.It is a well-established LA.Compared with more recently produced LAs, it is considered the "gold standard" owing to its efficient operation with few side effects. 2 In 2000, 4% articaine with 1:1,00,000 epinephrine, which comes under an amide type of LA, was first made available in the United States.Its functions are comparable to other amide analgesics, but, due to the thiophene ring in its unique chemical structure, it is more effective and lipid-soluble, allowing it to pass into both soft and hard tissues.3 An increased medication concentration is therefore administered using a lesser volume of solution, which will also minimize the discomfort associated with LA administration.4 Local anesthetics are partitioned into two forms to block the sodium channels-the charged acid form (RNH + ), which attaches itself to the interior pore of sodium channels, and the uncharged basic form (RH), which crosses the cell membrane.The voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) can be classified into two classes-those that are resistant to toxins [tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R)] and those that are inhibited by toxins TTX.The potential 1-
Institution: Maharashtra Institute of Dental Science and Research
Language: English
Subfield: Oral Surgery
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7155381246