Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: A bstract A graph-theoretic method is introduced for analysing fermion mass spectra in latticized theory-space models, including chain models arising from dimensional deconstruction. Fermion mass terms are mapped to bipartite graphs, with fields as vertices and nonvanishing mass terms as edges. The number of massless modes is shown to be fixed by the cardinality of a maximum matching of the associated graph. Moreover, the wave-function support of these modes is restricted to fields reachable from exposed or unmatched vertices by even-length maximum-matching-alternating paths, as characterised by the Dulmage-Mendelsohn decomposition. These results depend only on the topology of latticized theory space and are independent of model parameters. The method enables a systematic construction of latticized models with prescribed numbers and localisation properties of massless modes.
Source: Journal of High Energy Physics
Author: Ketan M. Patel
Institution: Physical Research Laboratory
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7155399794