Work

Multi-Path Interference Challenges and Suggested Solution for Correlation-Assisted Direct Time-of-Flight

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The correlation-assisted direct time-of-flight (CA-dToF) pixel offers a promising approach for low-power consumption, ambient light robustness, and high-resolution depth sensing. However, as with other time-of-flight systems based on global phase estimation, its reliability is compromised by multi-path interference (MPI) of the emitted light, leading to depth estimation errors. In this work, the impact of MPI on CA-dToF pixel performance is systematically analyzed. Furthermore, a multi-frequency modulation algorithm is proposed to mitigate MPI effects. The proposed method improves depth accuracy and enhances the overall reliability of the CA-dToF system.

Source: Sensors

DOI: 10.3390/s26092697

Authors: Ayman Morsy, David Blinder, Maarten Kuijk

Institutions: Vrije Universiteit Brussel, IMEC

Language: English

Topic: Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies

Subfield: Instrumentation

Field: Physics and Astronomy

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137

Funders: Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science