Work

Variant-to-function dissection of the 17q21.31 locus resolves ANKRD1 as a convergent regulatory target

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Background : The 17q21.31 locus is structurally complex, harboring a common H1/H2 inversion and dense regulatory variation; one of the two SNPs studied lies within the inversion and the other outside it. Disentangling the effects of individual non-coding variants in this context remains challenging. We used reciprocal double-editing in isogenic human iPSCs together with multi-clone replication and a three-way intersection filter (WT-anchored edit and the two reciprocal edit configurations) to resolve variant-linked transcriptional effects for rs77692262 (A>G) and rs79724577 (A>C). Results : rs77692262 affected two TGF-β/SMAD-responsive genes, with ANKRD1 replicating across reciprocal and independent contexts, while ACTA2 showed context-dependent effects. By contrast, rs79724577 yielded seven candidates ( ANKRD1 , CUZD1 , GJA5 , PRICKLE1 , RAB17, RSPO4 , SNPH ). Independent validation refined these sets: four discovery-set genes, ANKRD1 , CUZD1 , PRICKLE1 , RAB17 , replicated for rs79724577 across edited clones/reciprocal contexts, defining a compact, reproducible signature; ANKRD1 also replicated for rs77692262 and was recovered as the sole consistent DEG when rs77692262 was retested in the reciprocal configuration, making it the most clone-invariant target across both variants. GJA5 appeared in discovery but did not replicate and is treated as hypothesis-generating. Motif analyses were consistent with disrupted T-box/SMAD input at rs77692262 and loss of RFX-family recognition at rs79724577. Long-read CpG methylation profiling detected no significant differences at promoters/gene bodies or at/near the SNP sites, supporting a methylation-independent mechanism involving altered transcription-factor occupancy. Conclusions : These data identify reproducible, variant-linked transcriptional effects at 17q21.31, centered on ANKRD1 and a validated four-gene signature for rs79724577, and outline a generalizable, replication-first strategy for variant-to-function dissection in structurally polymorphic regions.

Source: BMC Medical Genomics

DOI: 10.1186/s12920-026-02375-w

Authors: Oyedele J. Olaoye, Sophie L. Farrow, Antony A. Cooper, Denis M. Nyaga, Justin M. O’Sullivan