Plant-associated fungi co-opt ancient antimicrobials for host manipulation
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Evolutionary histories of effector proteins secreted by fungal pathogens to mediate plant colonization remain largely elusive. While most functionally characterized effectors modulate plant immunity, recent discoveries have revealed novel functions in targeting host-associated microbiota. We now developed an Antimicrobial Activity Predictor for Effector Candidates (AMAPEC), and identified a wealth of antimicrobial effectors, including many highly conserved ones — suggesting ancient evolutionary origins. Surprisingly, several plant immune-modulating effectors display antimicrobial activity. We propose that these evolved from ancestral antimicrobials while retaining their original functions. In addition to roles in suppressing host immunity, they may manipulate plant microbiota to promote colonization. We argue that microbial antagonism is a fundamental fungal effector function and suggest that fungi repurposed ancient antimicrobials to serve multiple roles during host-pathogen co-evolution.
Source: Science Advances
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,500
Awards: SFB 1535: Mikrobielle Netzwerke – von Organellen bis hin zu Reichübergreifenden Lebensgemeinschaften, G2642650165, G2958780423, G6247714093, Antimikrobielle EffektorSekretion Pflanzenkolonisierender Pilze und ihre Rolle in der endophytischen Lebensweise, G639857581, EXC 2048: CEPLAS Exzellenzcluster für Pflanzenwissenschaften, G755149677, G7735813670, G8491377485
OpenAlex ID: W7159016525