Deep learning framework for enhanced neutrino reconstruction of single-line events in the ANTARES telescope
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: We present the N -fit algorithm designed to improve the reconstruction of neutrino events detected by a single line of the ANTARES underwater telescope, usually associated with low energy neutrino events (∼100 GeV). N -Fit is a neural network model that relies on deep learning and combines several advanced techniques in machine learning—deep convolutional layers, mixture density output layers, and transfer learning (TL). This framework divides the reconstruction process into two dedicated branches for each neutrino event topology—tracks and showers—composed of sub-models for spatial estimation—direction and position—and energy inference, which later on are combined for event classification. Regarding the direction of single-line (SL) events, the N -Fit algorithm significantly refines the estimation of the zenithal angle, and delivers reliable azimuthal angle predictions that were previously unattainable with traditional χ 2 -fit methods. Improving on energy estimation of SL events is a tall order; N -Fit benefits from TL to efficiently integrate key characteristics, such as the estimation of the closest distance from the event to the detector. N -Fit also takes advantage from TL in event topology classification by freezing convolutional layers of the pretrained branches. Tests on Monte Carlo simulations and data demonstrate a significant reduction in mean and median absolute errors across all reconstructed parameters. The improvements achieved by N -Fit highlight its potential for advancing multimessenger astrophysics and enhancing our ability to probe fundamental physics beyond the Standard Model using SL events from ANTARES data.
Authors: A Albert, S Alves, M André, M Ardid, S Ardid, J-J Aubert, J Aublin, B Baret, S Basa, Y Becherini, B Belhorma, F Benfenati, V Bertin, S Biagi, J Boumaaza, M Bouta, M C Bouwhuis, H Brânzaş, R Bruijn, J Brunner, J Busto, B Caiffi, D Calvo, S Campion, A Capone, F Carenini, J Carr, V Carretero, T Cartraud, S Celli, L Cerisy, M Chabab, R Cherkaoui El Moursli, T Chiarusi, M Circella, J A B Coelho, A Coleiro, R Coniglione, P Coyle, A Creusot, A F Díaz, B De Martino, C Distefano, I Di Palma, C Donzaud, D Dornic, D Drouhin, T Eberl, A Eddymaoui, T van Eeden, D van Eijk, S El Hedri, N El Khayati, A Enzenhöfer, P Fermani, G Ferrara, F Filippini, L Fusco, S Gagliardini, J García-Méndez, C Gatius Oliver, P Gay, N Geißelbrecht, H Glotin, R Gozzini, R Gracia Ruiz, K Graf, C Guidi, L Haegel, H van Haren, A J Heijboer, Y Hello, L Hennig, J J Hernández-Rey, J Hößl, F Huang, G Illuminati, B Jisse-Jung, M de Jong, P de Jong, M Kadler, O Kalekin, U Katz, A Kouchner, I Kreykenbohm, V Kulikovskiy, R Lahmann, M Lamoureux, A Lazo, D Lefèvre, E Leonora, G Levi, S Le Stum, S Loucatos, J Manczak, M Marcelin, A Margiotta, A Marinelli, J A Martínez-Mora, P Migliozzi, A Moussa, R Muller, S Navas, E Nezri, B Ó Fearraigh, E Oukacha, A M Păun, G E Păvălaş, S Peña-Martínez, M Perrin-Terrin, P Piattelli, C Poirè, V Popa, T Pradier, N Randazzo, D Real, G Riccobene, A Romanov, A Sánchez Losa, A Saina, F Salesa Greus, D F E Samtleben, M Sanguineti, P Sapienza, F Schüssler, J Seneca, M Spurio, Th Stolarczyk, M Taiuti, Y Tayalati, B Vallage, G Vannoye, V Van Elewyck, S Viola, D Vivolo, J Wilms, S Zavatarelli, A Zegarelli, J D Zornoza, J Zúñiga
Institutions: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Haute-Alsace, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Universitat de València, Instituto de Física Corpuscular, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centre de physique des particules de Marseille, Université Paris Diderot, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, University of Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I, Sapienza University of Rome, Cadi Ayyad University, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, Universidad de Granada, Université Paris-Sud, University of Salerno, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d’Informatique et Systèmes, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Géoazur, Leiden University, University of Würzburg, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Université de Toulon, Institut Méditerranéen d’Océanologie, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Saclay, CEA Paris-Saclay, Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, University of Naples Federico II, Institut Universitaire de France, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"
Language: English
Topic: Neutrino Physics Research
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,000
Funders: Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Generalitat Valenciana, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Conseil Régional Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Conseil Régional d'Alsace, European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Labex UnivEarthS, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, NextGenerationEU
Awards: G1047231290, G1204740081, G1323502114, G1422035950, G1451311200, G1571383463, G1623744669, G1767957153, G2027978895, G2045273392, G218269497, G2489860800, G2794008154, G2888432734, G318412399, G3220251042, G3382648788, G3565621276, G3590787598, G3857581125, G3937332773, G4016415828, G4062681842, G410571670, G4138161095, G451917667, G4993905653, G5195188938, G5539308778, G5752261212, G5967599077, G603588730, G6073780897, G631184005, G6364395297, G6520718613, G6623016451, G701241157, G7613964388, Université de Paris, Earth - Planets - Universe: observation, modeling, transfer, G8930446
OpenAlex ID: W4416550726