Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus According to Diabetic Kidney Disease Stage: What Is the Target in Clinical Practice?
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background/Objectives: Low vitamin D (VD) has been associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Nevertheless, VD normality concentrations remain under discussion. Objectives: To evaluate VD concentrations in early and advanced DKD stages according to the Endocrine Society and Institute of Medicine standards in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A cross-sectional study included 80 patients with T2DM and DKD in early (urine albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR) between 30 and 299 mg/g), group 1 (n = 29), and advanced stage (UACR ≥ 300 mg/g), group 2 (n = 51). Results: Compared to group 1, patients in group 2 showed lower 25(OH)D concentrations (26.7 ± 10.1 vs. 30.2 ± 8.0 ng/mL; p ≤ 0.05). In group 2, when the serum VD concentrations were stratified according to the Endocrine Society, VD concentrations ≥ 30 ng/mL were associated with a considerably reduction in UACR compared with VD < 20 ng/mL (365.9 ± 268.3 vs. 937.6 ± 634 mg/g; p < 0.05), but not when compared to the range of 20–29.9 ng/mL (739.8 ± 1138 vs. 937.6 ± 634 mg/g; p = NS). Additionally, in this group, our regression model showed that each unit increase in VD was associated with a UACR reduction of 26.1 mg/g (R2 = 0.103; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Higher vitamin D concentrations were associated with improved UACR only in clinical DKD, particularly when VD was at least 30 ng/mL.
Source: Nutrients
DOI: 10.3390/nu18091408
Authors: João Soares Felício, Lícia Oliveira Ruivo, Inessa Silveira Bezerra, Maria Eduarda Nunes Avelar do Carmo, Isabel Jacob Fernandes, Beatriz Dias Lobo, Lilian de Souza D’Albuquerque Silva, Franciane Trindade Cunha de Melo, Ana Carolina Contente Braga de Souza, Natércia Neves Marques De Queiroz, Márcia Costa dos Santos, Lorena Vilhena De Moraes, Mayana Batista Barros, Alan Pinheiro Fernandes, Paula Gabriella Costa da Penha, Ana Clara Fleury da Fonseca Rodrigues, Pedro Paulo Freire Piani, Ana Regina Bastos Motta, Valéria Suênya Galvão Leal, Melissa de Sá Oliveira dos Reis, Alyne Maciel Lobato, Karem Mileo Felício, Priscila Boaventura Barbosa De Figueiredo
Institution: Universidade Federal do Pará
Language: English
Topic: Vitamin D Research Studies
Subfield: Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,499
OpenAlex ID: W7160097503