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Uncovering Promises and Challenges of Online-Hybrid School Leadership Preparation and Development Programs: A Narrative Synthesis Through the Lens of Activity Theory

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: As the educational landscape shifts toward digital modalities, School Leadership Preparation and Development Programs (SLPDPs) have adopted online and hybrid models to enhance flexibility and accessibility for diverse learners. This systematic review examines the promises and challenges of online and hybrid SLPDPs through the critical lens of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT). Utilizing a narrative synthesis approach informed by CHAT, we highlight congruencies that boost learner engagement and retention, alongside structural tensions that threaten instructional quality. Our findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive faculty development and robust quality assurance measures to uphold high standards in online and hybrid formats.
Language: English
Subfield: Education
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,400
OpenAlex ID: W7160284629
FWCI: 22.93
Cites: 55
Cited by: 1
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