Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: A time-domain harmonic balance unified gas-kinetic scheme (HB-UGKS) is developed for simulating periodic non-equilibrium flows across all Knudsen regimes. By applying a time-spectral operator, the unsteady periodic problem is reformulated into a block-coupled, quasi-steady system. To preserve the intrinsic multiscale transportcollision flux coupling of the UGKS, a source-separated formulation incorporates the harmonic balance coupling strictly at the cell-residual level. This allows the periodic limit cycle to be resolved directly via pseudo-time marching with local time-stepping, advancing all temporal collocation points simultaneously and completely bypassing physical startup transients. The framework is validated against three complementary benchmarks: two small-amplitude sheardriven oscillatory flows and a thermally driven cavity under finite-amplitude excitation. The scheme accurately captures intricate non-equilibrium kinetic phenomena, including aspectratio anti-resonance scaling, dynamic shear traction, nonlinear waveform distortions, and acoustic streaming. Across all cases, the HB-UGKS preserves the fidelity of standard timeaccurate simulations, while achieving order-of-magnitude speedups in high-frequency regimes where long transient timescales dominate.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: Zhu, Yuze, Wu, Hangkong, Wei, Yufeng, Xu, Kun
Institution: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Language: English
Subfield: Applied Mathematics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: G1383354819, G6774801938, G7267301212
OpenAlex ID: W7160441379