Work

3D-TCM-Driven Bit-Level Image Encryption via S-Box Feedback Algorithm

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Most existing low-dimensional chaotic maps suffer from a limited dynamical complexity and dynamic degradation, which restrict their effectiveness in image encryption. To address this issue, a novel three-dimensional chaotic map (3D-TCM) was constructed to improve dynamical complexity and stability, and its superiority was verified through a dynamical analysis. Based on these advantages, a plaintext-related image encryption scheme was designed by combining bit-level permutation and S-box-based diffusion. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieved high information entropy, a low pixel correlation, and desirable NPCR and UACI values, and successfully passed NIST SP800-22 statistical tests, demonstrating a strong resistance to differential attacks and overall robustness.

Source: Entropy

DOI: 10.3390/e28050535

Authors: Jie Zhang, Wenjie Zhou, Mingxu Wang, Yiting Lin

Institutions: Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Dalian Ocean University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute

Language: English

Topic: Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption

Subfield: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Field: Computer Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137

Funder: Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China