Latency-Aware Authentication in Industrial Control Environments: Consequence-Graded Authorization Beyond the Web Latency Budget
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Authentication patterns developed for web and cloud environments often assume tens to hundreds of milliseconds of permissible latency per authorization event. Industrial control environments operate on fundamentally tighter budgets: machine vision inspection loops on single-millisecond timescales, programmable logic controller scan cycles in milliseconds, real-time motion-control decisions admitting no perceptible authentication overhead. This paper proposes latency-aware authentication as an adaptive design discipline: authentication strength graded against operational consequence per control cycle rather than applied uniformly. The discipline complements the attacker-class Security Level tiers (SL1–SL4) of ISA/IEC 62443 with an orthogonal consequence-class axis and operates within the operational-technology security framing of NIST SP 800-82r3.
Author: Flores Montano, Jorge Enrique
Language: English
Topic: Access Control and Trust
Subfield: Sociology and Political Science
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7160828536
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