Work

Structural equation modeling in nursing research: challenges, strategies, and practical recommendations

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This article aims to empower nurse researchers to use SEM effectively, thereby enhancing the quality and significance of their work. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is increasingly recognized in nursing research as a method for testing complex theoretical models and exploring relationships between latent variables. A Methodological Discussion Study. This study offers a structured, practical guide for nurse researchers. To implement this approach effectively, researchers must consider several assumptions and requirements discussed in this article. It addresses common challenges, such as sample size determination, missing data, and model validation, and provides actionable recommendations. Nursing-specific examples support researchers in applying SEM rigorously and meaningfully. Ultimately, the appropriate use of SEM enhances the validity and credibility of research findings, supports evidence-based practice, and contributes to the theoretical development of the nursing discipline.

Source: Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology

DOI: 10.1007/s10742-026-00376-x

Authors: Pardis Rahmatpour, João Marôco, António Amaral, João Apóstolo

Institutions: Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Centro de Estudos Transdisciplinares para o Desenvolvimento, Universidade Lusófona

Language: English

Topic: Psychometric Methodologies and Testing

Subfield: Management Science and Operations Research

Field: Decision Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $2,590