Work

Effect of Remineralizing Agents on Ca/P Ratio and Tensile Bond Strength of Sepiolite Nanoparticle-Reinforced Orthodontic Adhesive to Artificially Demineralized Enamel

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This study aimed to assess how various remineralizing agents affect the demineralized enamel calcium/phosphorus ions (Ca/P) ratio and micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of orthodontic adhesive modified by Sepiolite nanoparticles (Sep-NPs). In addition, rheological properties and degree of conversion (DC) of the adhesive were investigated. One hundred and forty-four human premolars underwent a cariogenic challenge to induce artificial demineralization. Based on the remineralizing agents used, the samples were divided into four categories: silver diamine fluoride (SDF), rosmarinic acid (RMA), ROCS Medical Mineral Gel System (ROCS MMG), and control. The Ca/P ratio was evaluated using energy-dispersive X-rays. Thirty samples were divided into two subgroups: unmodified adhesive and 1% Sep-infiltrated adhesive. Brackets were bonded, and the μTBS was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the resin–bracket interface. The modified and unmodified adhesives were subjected to DC and rheological testing. The Ca/P ion ratio was highest in the ROCS-MMG group and lowest in the no-remineralization group. Group 3B (ROCS MMG + SepNPs-Orthodontic adhesive) samples displayed the highest bond strength. The lowest μTBS was observed in Group 4A (no remineralization + orthodontic adhesive). ROCS MMG conferred the greatest improvement in µTBS and Ca/P ratio before bracket bonding, followed by SDF, whereas RMA did not enhance bonding outcomes. Sep-NP incorporation at 1% improved µTBS but compromised DC and rheological properties, necessitating concentration optimization before clinical application.

Source: Crystals

DOI: 10.3390/cryst16050316

Authors: Wael Awadh, Muhammad Abdullah Kamran, Atheer Abdulhade Ganem, Afnan Mohammed Alasmari, Shan Sainudeen, Ibrahim Alshahrani

Institutions: Jazan University, King Khalid University, Ministry of Health

Language: English

Topic: Dental materials and restorations

Subfield: Orthodontics

Field: Dentistry

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,534