Work

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles from Solanum marginatum and its enhanced anti inflammatory activity in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cell lines

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Nowadays, there is an increase in the demand for plant-extract-mediated nanoparticles, mainly due to low toxicity and biocompatibility, which owing to their enhanced bioavailability, exhibit significant antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, and antiviral activities. However, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (SM-Au NPs) offers a sustainable targeted and effective way for drug delivery. This study first report to our knowledge demonstrated that gold nanoparticles (SM-Au NPs) synthesized from aqueous leaf extract of Solanum marginatum (SM), evaluated their in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity and their underlying mechanism in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 cells. The peak at UV-Vis 540 nm confirmed formation of SM-Au NPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) of SM-Au NPs revealed a hydrodynamic size of 1253.3 nm and zeta potential of − 21.1 mV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that SM-Au NPs were crystalline and pure with an average crystal size of 22.3 nm. The cytotoxicity results confirmed that SM-Au NPs were found to be did not show cytotoxic effect within the concentration of 6.25–12.5 µg/mL against RAW 264.7 macrophages. SM-Au NPs inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner showing 45.31% inhibition at 12.5 µg/mL with IC 50 value of 9.7 ± 1.38 µg/mL. RT-PCR analysis revealed that SM-Au NPs IC50 at 9.7 µg/mL significantly down-regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines to IL-1β 0.2 (** p ≤ 0.01), TNF-α to 0.51 (** p ≤ 0.01), and up-regulates anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β to 83.59-fold (** p ≤ 0.01) folds at in comparison with SM-AQ and LPS controls. Our study revealed that SM-Au NPs emphasized their potential use to develop new anti-inflammatory agents by using Solanum marginatum.

Source: Discover Nano

DOI: 10.1186/s11671-026-04634-2

Authors: Gebremichael Abrha Gebreyesus, Tesfay Welderfael, K. Krishna Chaithanya, Berihu Tekluu, Taame Abraha Berhe

Institutions: Adigrat University, Aksum University, Saveetha University

Language: English

Topic: Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications

Subfield: Materials Chemistry

Field: Materials Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,090