Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are common disorders marked by the presence of thyroid autoantibodies. This review summarizes their immunological roles, clinical relevance, and diagnostic value based on studies published up to January 2026. The main antibodies—anti-TPO, anti-Tg, and TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) —serve different functions. TRAb play a direct pathogenic role, especially in Graves’ disease, while anti-TPO and anti-Tg are primarily markers associated with autoimmune thyroid destruction, such as in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Clinically, TRAb are important for diagnosis and monitoring of Graves’ disease, whereas anti-TPO and anti-Tg help identify autoimmune origin and assess the risk of hypothyroidism. However, their diagnostic accuracy is limited by their presence in some healthy individuals. Overall, thyroid autoantibodies remain essential tools in clinical practice, though careful interpretation is necessary. Future approaches combining immunology with computational methods may improve disease prediction and management.
Source: Science Discovery
Institution: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd
Language: English
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7160878003