Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This article examines the frustration experienced by American officials responsible for shaping U.S. foreign policy. The text analyses the emotives of frustration and the emotional states of the President and his subordinates, drawing on constructivist theory and the English School of International Relations. The analysis shows that all individuals whose cases were examined experienced frustration. This feeling of frustration stemmed from the inability to achieve the intended objectives and was linked to differing expectations between the President and his subordinates, as well as differing value systems. In all cases, frustration resulted in a feeling of resignation, which was sometimes preceded by anger, and led ultimately to the dismissal of officials.
Source: Politeja
Author: Przemysław Piotr Damski
Institution: University of Łódź
Language: English
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7161112608