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Spillover effects of side-hustle time pressure on cyberloafing within full-time jobs in the hospitality industry

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Drawing on regulatory focus theory, this research examines how side-hustle time pressure spills over to affect cyberloafing in hospitality employees’ full-time jobs. Through a field experiment, a scenario experiment, and a three-wave field survey, we develop and test a dual-pathway model. Findings reveal that side-hustle time pressure simultaneously triggers two opposing mechanisms. It fosters promotion-focused hope (decreasing cyberloafing) while also eliciting prevention-focused affective rumination (increasing cyberloafing). Time-management skills emerge as a moderator, amplifying the hope pathway for skilled individuals while intensifying the rumination pathway for those less skilled. This study advances the understanding of side hustles and time pressure in the hospitality field. It also offers actionable insights for hospitality managers and platform designers seeking to reduce the negative spillover of side-hustle time pressure.

Source: International Journal of Hospitality Management

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2026.104746

Authors: Lingyan Hu, Xinyuan (Roy) Zhao

Institutions: Zhejiang Wanli University, Macau University of Science and Technology

Language: English

Topic: Cyberloafing and Workplace Behavior

Subfield: Demography

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDG: Decent work and economic growth

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $4,270