Relationship between craniofacial morphology, IOTN-AC index, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the adult population above 18 years of age: A cross-sectional study
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent condition that affects millions of adults and children worldwide. It is characterized by abnormal breathing patterns during sleep, leading to significant problems in Craniofacial Morphology, which affects the quality of life. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to compare craniofacial structural differences between individuals with sleep disorders and those with normal breathing using cephalograms. The secondary objective was to assess the need for orthodontic intervention in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome using the IOTN-AC index. Method ology: This cross-sectional study included 98 participants (49 with OSAS and 49 Non-OSAS patients) aged above 18 years, and screening was done using the Berlin Questionnaire, lateral cephalograms, and an IOTN-AC questionnaire. Data were entered, and statistical analysis was performed. Results Patients with OSAS showed significantly anterior hyoid bone positioning (47.16 mm vs. 72.29 mm, p < 0.001), greater vertical airway height (73.61 mm vs. 62.67 mm), and longer soft palates (33.39 mm vs. 29.92 mm). Class II craniofacial morphology was the most prevalent pattern in patients with OSAS. The IOTN-AC scores in patients with OSAS suggest that 43% have at least a moderate need for orthodontic treatment. Conclusion This study suggests that the development of OSAS is more closely related to soft tissue configuration and hyoid bone position. These results highlight the potential value of the hyoid bone position and soft palate characteristics as diagnostic markers for assessing the risk of OSAS.
Source: Journal of Orthopaedic Reports
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology (medical)
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $600
OpenAlex ID: W7161268304