Europe, AI Governance and the Regulatory Convergence Crisis - From the EU AI Act to the 2026 Compliance Architecture
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: The European Union has positioned itself as the world's first comprehensive AI regulator, enacting the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) as the centrepiece of a widening digital governance architecture. This paper examines how the EU AI Act operates not as a standalone instrument but as the apex layer of an interlocking regulatory ecosystem encompassing data governance, cybersecurity, platform accountability, product liability and fundamental rights protection. Drawing on the text of the EU AI Act and its associated delegated instruments, the GDPR, the Digital Services Act, the NIS2 Directive, the Cyber Resilience Act, and emerging implementation guidance from the European AI Office, the paper analyses the structural tensions produced by this convergence. It argues that the August 2026 full-applicability deadline represents not merely a compliance milestone but a structural stress test for enterprise governance architectures, regulatory institutions and the political coherence of the European project itself. The paper further identifies the emergence of agentic AI systems as a critical regulatory blind spot within an Act designed primarily for bounded, static AI deployments. The central research question is whether Europe has constructed a coherent AI governance architecture or an overlapping compliance regime that risks becoming simultaneously under-enforced and operationally unsustainable.
Author: Carvalho, Alexandra
Language: English
Subfield: Law
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7161386709
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