Work

Service equity matrix for inclusive risk communication of extreme weather events

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Warning services for extreme weather events remain unevenly accessible and actionable, particularly for historically underserved and socially vulnerable communities. We introduce the Service Equity Matrix (SEM), a conceptual framework integrating objective risk, perceived risk, and service quality to diagnose community-level communication gaps. The SEM enables risk communication tailored to the characteristics, hazards, and needs of each community, supporting targeted interventions, improving accountability, and advancing equitable preparedness for extreme weather events.

Source: npj natural hazards.

DOI: 10.1038/s44304-026-00222-7

Authors: Farshid Vahedifard, Mohammed Azhar, Julian Kelly, Saeed Rokooei, Reza Khanbilvardi, Kaveh Madani