An integrated multi-model perspective for Periphyton-based aquatic ecological assessment to enhance interpretability
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: As crucial bioindicators, periphyton communities play a significant role in watershed health assessments and ecological restoration. This study investigated periphyton in the mainstem Jialing River and its tributary (Xichong River) during autumn 2022 and spring 2023. By integrating partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM), random forest models (RFMs), and the neutral community model (NCM), we elucidated the mechanisms underlying aquatic ecological conditions. The results revealed significant spatiotemporal variations in periphyton structure, with diatoms dominating. Sediment conductivity, organic matter, pH, and nutrients were key drivers. α diversity was significantly higher in autumn than spring ( P < 0.05). Aquatic health was better in the mainstem than the tributary and better in autumn than spring. Spring community assembly was dominated by deterministic processes (MST < 0.5), whereas stochastic processes prevailed in autumn (MST > 0.5). PLS-PM and RFM confirmed that assembly mechanisms strongly explained ecosystem health across seasons and rivers ( P < 0.05). Anthropogenic disturbance promoted α-diversity in spring (SX: β = 0.9224， P < 0.001；SJ: β = 0.9954， P < 0.01), while nutrient influence strengthened from spring to autumn ( β = 0.8655, P < 0.01). In conclusion, seasonal fluctuations in nutrient concentrations and anthropogenic disturbances drove shifts in community assembly mechanisms between deterministic and stochastic processes, thereby shaping the periphyton community structure and ultimately resulting in the spatiotemporal pattern of “mainstem superior to tributary, autumn superior to spring” in aquatic ecosystem health. This study elucidates the reason for differences in watershed aquatic ecological statuses from a mechanistic perspective, providing a scientific basis for precise ecological restoration and management. • Machine learning quantifies spatiotemporal heterogeneity in basin aquatic health. • Validated periphyton metrics enable robust and multidimensional ecological assessment. • Community assembly shifts from spring deterministic to autumn stochastic processes. • Disturbance, nutrients and periphyton show a significant interactive relationship. • This cascade reveals the driving pattern of river aquatic ecosystem health.
Source: Ecological Indicators
Authors: Tuo Zhang, Maojin Huang, Lijuan Li, Yongjie Ren, Fubin Zhang, Fei Xu
Language: English
Subfield: Ecology
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,650
OpenAlex ID: W7161500618