Work

Nutritional assessment and dietary intake patterns in early-stage chronic kidney disease: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Background Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) presents a rapidly growing public health challenge in India, with early stages offering a critical window for nutritional intervention. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study assesses nutritional intake, anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, and appetite status among adults with CKD stages 1–3 (n = 184) attending outpatient nephrology departments of two tertiary care hospitals in Hyderabad, India. Assessment tools include a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), 24-hour dietary recall, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and the Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ). Results Mean age is 47.6 ± 12.1 years; 59.8% are male. Stage distribution is: Stage 1 (10.9%), Stage 2 (25.5%), Stage 3a (34.2%), and Stage 3b (29.3%). Mean protein intake is 0.82 ± 0.21 g/kg/day; 64% exceed sodium and 58% exceed potassium limits; 34% are malnourished by SGA. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) category correlates negatively with haemoglobin (r = − 0.42, p < 0.001) and positively with urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR; r = + 0.37), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; r = + 0.29, p = 0.003), and CNAQ score (r = 0.15, p = 0.042). Age (β = +0.21), haemoglobin (β = −0.31), body mass index (BMI; β = −0.18), and CNAQ score (β = +0.19) independently predict eGFR category (adjusted R² = 0.41). Conclusion Suboptimal dietary patterns, reduced appetite, and emerging anaemia are independently associated with kidney function severity in early-stage CKD. Systematic nutritional assessment and individualised dietary counselling should be integrated into routine CKD care.

Source: Scientific Reports

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-76065-z

Authors: Anindita Ghosh, Varsha Prabhakar Badikol, Arti Muley

Institution: Symbiosis International University

Language: English

Topic: Dialysis and Renal Disease Management

Subfield: Nephrology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDGs: Good health and well-being, Zero hunger

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,690