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Fluency as Attack Surface - language-framing and reasoning-trace bleed in frontier LLMs

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: An empirical study of what twelve current LLMs do when prompted innine target languages (real and constructed) plus an English baseline.960 cells of in-language responses, 108 self-translations, 108 externaltranslations, four pipeline phases, 487 cells flagged-and-recoveredbetween v1 and v4. Findings on reasoning-trace leakage, safety-classifiermis-triggers, training-data gaps, cross-language commitment-directionsteering, and constraint-prompt limits, with raw-data appendices.
Language: English
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7161583336
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