Work

Nonlinear Dynamics of Evolutionary Public Goods Games with Consistent- and Inconsistent-Moral-Standard Exclusive Sanctions

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This paper investigates the evolution of public cooperation within a four-strategy public goods game that incorporates both consistently and inconsistently moralistic exclusion mechanisms. Using replicator dynamics in an infinite well-mixed population, we demonstrate that the presence of Inconsistent Moralists (IMs), i.e., non-contributors who hypocritically exclude other defectors, fundamentally reshapes the dynamical structure of the multi-player social dilemma game. While the system admits no interior fixed point and the IM strategy itself is evolutionarily unstable, IM acts as a critical catalyst by destabilizing pure defection and redirecting evolutionary trajectories toward exclusion-based cooperation. Ultimately, these findings reveal that diverse enforcement strategies can qualitatively alter evolutionary outcomes by providing a previously overlooked indirect pathway for cooperation to emerge and persist in social dilemmas.

Source: Games

DOI: 10.3390/g17030024

Authors: Yang Chen, Xiaofeng Wang

Institution: Donghua University

Language: English

Topic: Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation

Subfield: Sociology and Political Science

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDG: Peace, justice, and strong institutions

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,930